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[[Asia]] > [[Malaysia]] > [[Usun Apau National Park]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|2.916324, 114.665293~[[Usun Apau National Park]]~''Pongo pygmaeus''}}</div>
* Bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus'') are present in Usun Apau National Park.
* The population size is unknown.
* The population trend is unknown.

= Site characteristics =

Usun Apau National Park is described as pristine area known for its waterfalls. The government aims to develop ecotourism at Usun Apau National Park ([[#R01869|Sarawak Tribune 2022]]). Usun Apau was also proposed to be included in the extension of the Heart of Borneo as part of Extended Baram Complex ([[#R01868|Mathai et al. 2016]]). Other species such as ''Presbytis hosei'' and ''Presbytis rubicunda ignita'' are found in this national park (Ang et al.2024).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Usun Apau National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pongo pygmaeus''
|-
|Area
|471.22 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: 2.916324 , Lon: 114.665293
|-
|Type of site
|Protected area (National Park)
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, Rocky areas (inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
|-
|Type of governance
|Governance by government
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status =

As the site is located near the presumed distribution boundary between ''P. p. pygmaeus'' and ''P. p. morio'', the subspecies observed there cannot be determined with certainty ([[#R01866|Ampeng et al. 2021]]).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Usun Apau National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|'Pongo pygmaeus''
|2017-2020
|Absent
|
|
|
|
|Aerial (drones/plane/helicopter)
|
|[[#R01866|Ampeng et al. 2021]]
|Aerial surveys fitted with FLIR-cameras were unable to confirm the presence of additional nests from daytime aerial photographs.
|
|-
|'Pongo pygmaeus''
|2017-2020
|Present
|
|
|
|
|Line transects
|
|[[#R01866|Ampeng et al. 2021]]
|The survey using line transects found one individual Bornean orangutan and 4 orangutan nests.
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats =

= Conservation activities =

= Challenges =

= Enablers =

= Research activities =

There was an expedition in Usun Apau Plateau by an Oxford University in 1955 (Arnold 1957). The expedition explored the plateau and also conducted archaelogical excavations from old longhouses.

= Documented behaviours =

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= External links =

= References =

<span id="R01866"></span>Ampeng, A., Liam, J., Simpson, B., Traelholt, C., Md Nor, S., Abdan-Saleman, M. S. B., …, & Md-Zain, B. M. (2021). First Bornean orangutan sighting in Usun Apau National Park, Sarawak. ''Biodiversity Data Journal'', 9. [https://doi.org/10.3897/bdj.9.e60753 doi:10.3897/bdj.9.e60753]

<span id="R01867"></span>Ang, A., Brandon-Jones, D., Ruppert, N., Lee, Z. H., Affendi, A., Stanly Anyie, Y., Boonratana, R., Cheyne, S. M., Chua, A., Hayunieta, Irawan, A., Jerusalinsky, L., Karuniawati, A., Khalid, S., Koh, J., Lee, C., Lhota, S., Lwin, N., Mittermeier, R. A., … Roos, C. (2024). Asian langurs (Presbytis) conservation action plan 2024–2034. IUCN. https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/51546

<span id="R01868"></span>Mathai, J., Duckworth, J. W., Meijaard, E., Fredriksson, G., Hon, J., Sebastian, A., … Wilting, A. (2016). Carnivore conservation planning on Borneo: Identifying key carnivore landscapes, research priorities and conservation interventions. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.

<span id="R01869"></span>Sarawak Tribune. (2022). Government to develop Usun Apau as tourist attraction. https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/government-to-develop-usun-apau-as-tourist-attraction/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230312195543/https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/government-to-develop-usun-apau-as-tourist-attraction/ link]

'''Page created by: '''Cristiar Samosir''' Date:''' 2024-11-26 13:43:00

'''Page updated by: '''APES Atlas team''' Date:''' 2026-03-16

Usun Apau National Park - Revision history