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Created page with "Asia > Indonesia > Rungan Landscape '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_..."

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[[Asia]] > [[Indonesia]] > [[Rungan Landscape]]

'''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Rungan_Landscape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''

__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|-1.9, 113.9~[[Rungan Landscape]]~''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''}}</div>
* Southwest Bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii'') are present in Rungan Landscape.
* The population size is unknown.
* The orangutan population trend is unknown.
* The total site area is 1,500 km².
* The main reported threats include illegal logging activities, mining and agricultural expansion.
* The main conservation activities have focused on raising awareness in the community and restoring habitats.

= Site characteristics =

The Rungan Landscape spans more than 150,000 hectares and supports a significant population of wild Bornean orangutans. Due to its lack of formal protection, parts of the area are being cleared for plantation development. This situation led the Borneo Nature Foundation (BNF) to conduct surveys in 2017–2018 to identify regions with High Conservation Value, according to Field Director Bernat Ripoll Capilla. Roughly twice the size of Singapore, the landscape features a diverse mix of habitats, including peat swamps, heath forests, riverine forests, and large sections of forest dominated by tall Ulin (ironwood) trees ([[#R01563|Borneo Nature Foundation 2019]]).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Rungan Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''
|-
|Area
|1,500 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: -1.9 , Lon: 113.9
|-
|Type of site
|Non-protected area (Mixed use conservation activity area)
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status =

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Rungan Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats =

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Rungan Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|Present (unknown severity)
|Some parts of the landsccape are being converted into agricultural plantation, due to the lack of an official protected status ([[#R01563|Borneo Nature Foundation 2019]]).
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|3 Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Present (unknown severity)
|Illegal mining activities reported, details unknown ([[#R01564|Rungan Conservation 2025]]).
|Ongoing (2025)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Present (unknown severity)
|Illegal logging activities are also reported ([[#R01564|Rungan Conservation 2025]]).
|Ongoing (2025)
|}

[[Threats]]
= Conservation activities =

'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Rungan Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
!Category
!Specific activity
!Description
!Implementing organization(s)
!Year of activity
|-
|5 Protection & restoration
|5.6 Habitat restoration
|Habitat management activities were reported to be present ([[#R01565|Sherman et al. 2022]]).
|
|2016-Ongoing (2022)
|-
|4 Education & awareness
|Other
|Community outreach and capacity building ([[#R01565|Sherman et al. 2022]]).
|
|2016-Ongoing (2022)
|}

[[Conservation activities]]
= Challenges =

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Rungan Landscape'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|4 Institutional support
|4.3 Lack of protected area status
|Since the landscape lacks a formal protected status, parts of it are being opened up for plantation development ([[#R01563|Borneo Nature Foundation 2019]]).
|Ongoing (2019)
|}

[[Challenges]]
= Enablers =

= Research activities =

Research activities have been reported in Rungan Landscape ([[#R01565|Sherman et al. 2022]]).

= Documented behaviours =

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= External links =

= References =

<span id="R01563"></span>Borneo Nature Foundation. (2019, March 5). BNF calls for joint efforts to preserve the Rungan Landscape. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://www.borneonaturefoundation.org/news/bnf-calls-for-joint-efforts-to-preserve-the-rungan-landscape/

<span id="R01564"></span>Rungan Conservation. (2025). Ecological & ethnographic research for Rungan conservation. Retrieved June 25, 2025, from https://sites.google.com/view/rungan-conservation

<span id="R01565"></span>Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. ''Biological Conservation'', 276, 109744. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744]

'''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-05-29

Rungan Landscape - Revision history