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Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve - Revision history
2026-10-30T06:56:39Z
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AtlasBot: Created page with "Asia > Indonesia > Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawa..."
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<p>Created page with "<a href="/index.php?title=Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> > <a href="/index.php?title=Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> > <a href="/index.php?title=Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve" title="Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve">Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve</a> '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawa..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[Asia]] > [[Indonesia]] > [[Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve]]<br />
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'''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://apesatlas-apeinstitute-org.translate.goog/index.php/Muara_Kendawangan_Nature_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''<br />
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__TOC__<br />
= Summary =<br />
<br />
<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|-2.700000, 110.616700~[[Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve]]~''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''}}</div><br />
* Southwest Bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii'') are present in Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve.<br />
* The orangutan population size is unknown.<br />
* The orangutan population trend is unknown.<br />
* The total site area is 1,375.59 km².<br />
* The reported threat is annual forest fires, with a higher frequency during the dry season.<br />
* Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve has held the protected area status since 1982.<br />
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= Site characteristics =<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve'''<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"<br />
|Species<br />
|''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''<br />
|-<br />
|Area<br />
|1,375.59 km²<br />
|-<br />
|Coordinates<br />
|Lat: -2.700000 , Lon: 110.616700<br />
|-<br />
|Type of site<br />
|Protected area (Nature Reserve)<br />
|-<br />
|Habitat types<br />
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes), Marine coastal/supratidal<br />
|-<br />
|Type of governance<br />
|Governance by government<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]] <br />
= Ape status =<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve'''<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"<br />
!Species<br />
!Year<br />
!Occurrence<br />
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)<br />
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)<br />
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)<br />
!Survey area<br />
!Sampling method<br />
!Analytical framework<br />
!Source<br />
!Comments<br />
!A.P.E.S. database ID<br />
|-<br />
|''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]] <br />
= Threats =<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve'''<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"<br />
!Category<br />
!Specific threats<br />
!Threat level<br />
!Description<br />
!Year of threat<br />
|-<br />
|7 Natural system modifications<br />
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression<br />
|Present (unknown severity)<br />
|The site experiences annual forest fires, with a higher frequency during the dry season ([[#R01347|Antara News Kalbar 2024]]).<br />
|2024-Ongoing (2025)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Threats]] <br />
= Conservation activities =<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve'''<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"<br />
!Category<br />
!Specific activity<br />
!Description<br />
!Implementing organization(s)<br />
!Year of activity<br />
|-<br />
|5 Protection & restoration<br />
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat<br />
|Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve has held the protected area status since 1982 ([[#R01348|Sherman et al. 2022]]).<br />
|<br />
|1982-Ongoing (2026)<br />
|-<br />
|6 Species management<br />
|6.7 Translocate (capture & release) wild apes from human impacted sites to natural habitat elsewhere<br />
|An orangutan found trapped in a palm oil plantation in Ketapang was relocated to the Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve by a team from the West Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), YIARI, and Cargill. The relocation was done to ensure the orangutan's safety and provide a suitable habitat for breeding ([[#R01346|Antara News, 2023]]).<br />
|West Kalimantan Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA), YIARI, and Cargill<br />
|2023<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Conservation activities]] <br />
= Challenges =<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Enablers =<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Research activities =<br />
<br />
Research activities were reported to be carried out in Muara Kendawangan Nature Reserve, details are unknown ([[#R01348|Sherman et al. 2022]]).<br />
<br />
= Documented behaviours =<br />
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<br />
<br />
= Exposure to climate change impacts =<br />
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= External links =<br />
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= References =<br />
<br />
<span id="R01346"></span>Antara News. (2023, October 17). BKSDA Kalbar pindahkan orang utan terjebak di kebun sawit. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3787884/bksda-kalbar-pindahkan-orang-utan-terjebak-di-kebun-sawit<br />
<br />
<span id="R01347"></span>Antara News Kalbar. (2024, April 26). BKSDA Kalbar ajak semua pihak lestarikan Cagar Alam Muara Kendawangan. Antara News Kalimantan Barat. https://kalbar.antaranews.com/berita/403910/bksda-kalbar-ajak-semua-pihak-lestarikan-cagar-alam-muara-kendawangan<br />
<br />
<span id="R01348"></span>Sherman, J., Voigt, M., Ancrenaz, M., Wich, S. A., Qomariah, I. N., Lyman, E., …, & Meijaard, E. (2022). Orangutan killing and trade in Indonesia: Wildlife crime, enforcement, and deterrence patterns. ''Biological Conservation'', 276, 109744. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744 doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109744]<br />
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'''Page created by: '''Aime Mizero''' Date:''' 2025-06-09</div>
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