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[[Central Africa]] > [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] > [[Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|-1.711684, 25.061206~[[Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]]~''Pan paniscus''}}</div>
* Bonobos (''Pan paniscus'') are present in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2).
* It has been estimated that a minimum of 5,000 individuals occur in the site.
* The population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 20,000 km².
* Key threats to bonobos are poaching, habitat destruction and degradation, risk of disease transmission.
* Conservation activities are not documented.

= Site characteristics =

Unlike the Northern, Southern and Western blocks, most of the Eastern block (also known as the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba or TL2 block) is not part of a Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP) or Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (CFAC) landscape, because its biological importance was only revealed since 2007, through surveys ([[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]). The block stresches from from the Tshuapa River basin in the west to the Lualaba (Congo) River in the east. The western part of TL2 is contiguous with the Sankuru Natural Reserve. [[Lomami National Park]] is found within the TL2 block.

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Pan paniscus''
|-
|Area
|20,000 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: -1.711684 , Lon: 25.061206
|-
|Type of site
|Non-protected area
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Savanna
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]

= Ape status =

Through analysis of all available data from surveys conducted between 2003–2010, it has been estimated that there is a minimum population of 5,000 individuals in the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba block, making it an important stronghold for bonobos ([[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Occurrence
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Survey area
!Sampling method
!Analytical framework
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan paniscus''
|2003-2010
|
|
|
|5000.0
|Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)
|Other
|
|[[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]
|minimum estimate
|
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]

= Threats =

Although large parts of the area are uninhabited, bonobos and other wildlife are under intense pressure from the commercial bushmeat trade. In addition, the presence of slash-and-burn agriculture and artisanal logging are also threats in the TL2 block. No industrial logging or mining operations exist in the area, but parts of the forest are fragmented in and around the Sankuru reserve ([[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]).

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|Present (unknown severity)
|Slash-and-burn agriculture ([[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Intense hunting pressure from commercial bushmeat trade ([[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Artisanal logging ([[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]).
|Ongoing (2012)
|}

[[Threats]]

= Conservation activities =

= Challenges =

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|4 Institutional support
|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
|[[#R00541|IUCN & ICCN 2012]]
|
|}

[[Challenges]]

= Enablers =

'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|1 Site management
|
|
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|
|
|
|-
|3 Engaged community
|
|
|
|-
|4 Institutional support
|
|
|
|-
|5 Ecological context
|
|
|
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|
|
|
|}

[[Enablers]]

= Research activities =

= Documented behaviours =

'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Category
!Behavior
!Observation type
!Prevalence
!Observation dates
!Source
!Habituation
!Species
!Comment
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Behaviours]]

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:PrecipAnomaly_Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba_(TL2).png| 450px | thumb| none | Precipitation anomaly in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File:TempAnomaly_Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba_(TL2).png | 450px | thumb| none | Temperature anomaly in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]] </li></ul></div>

= External links =

= References =

<span id="R00541"></span>IUCN, & ICCN (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. [http://www.primate-sg.org/storage/pdf/Bonobo_Conservation_Strategy.pdf link]

'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-05-30

Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2) - Revision history