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[[Asia]] > [[Indonesia]] > [[Dieng Plateau]]

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__TOC__
= Summary =

<div style='float: right'>{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers=OpenStreetMap,OpenTopoMap|-7.21584, 109.90651~[[Dieng Plateau]]~''Hylobates moloch''}}</div>
* Javan gibbons (''Hylobates moloch'') are present in the Dieng Plateau.
* The population size is unknown.
* The population trend is unknown.
* The survey site has a total size of 175 km².
* Key threats to gibbons are forest fragmentation due to logging and agriculture, and collection of NTFPs.
* Conservation activities are not documented.

= Site characteristics =

The site consists of a part of a fragmented natural forest in the Dieng Plateau, Central Java province, Indonesia. Dieng is known as a volcanic complex with numerous craters ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]). The site, which was part of a survey, is located in the northern part of the mountains. The area has hilly terrain, complex riverine, valley, and ridges ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]). The natural forest in the area is home to a variety of flora and fauna, especially for all primates of Java. Those are ''Macaca fascicularis'', ''Trachypitechus auratus'', ''Presbytis fredericae'', ''Nicticebus javanicus'' and ''Hylobates moloch'' ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Dieng Plateau'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|''Hylobates moloch''
|-
|Area
|175 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|Lat: -7.21584 , Lon: 109.90651
|-
|Type of site
|Non-protected area
|-
|Habitat types
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest
|-
|Type of governance
|
|}

[[Types of sites]] [[Governance types]] [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status =

A 2018 survey aimed to identify the habitat suitability model (HSM) for Javan gibbons in the Dieng highland and the most influencing biophysical variables ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]). A total of 305 occurrence data recorded in extensive field surveys and 11 variables were maintained for HSM in presence-only machine learning, maximum entropy (MaxEnt). Suitable gibbon habitats were predicted as 81.286 km2 in the surveyed area ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]). Relatively large areas of suitable habitat are located in Sokokembang, Linggoasri-Mendolo, and western of Kembanglangit. The most important variables were natural forest, elevation, distance to cropland and land surface temperature ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Dieng Plateau'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
!Species
!Year
!Total number groups (95% CI)
!Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
!Total number indiv. (95% CI)
!Area
!Method
!Source
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Hylobates moloch''
|2018
|
|
|
|Dieng Plateau (175 km²)
|Line transects
|[[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]
|In addition to line transects, faecal samples, vocalisations, and sightings information from trusted villagers were considered as indirect evidence to obtain a robust occurrence data
|IDN0009
|}

[[Sampling methods]] [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats =

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Dieng Plateau'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
!Category
!Specific threats
!Threat level
!Description
!Year of threat
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|Present (unknown severity)
|Several relatively flat areas converted into cropland, such as dry crop and rice field ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).
|Ongoing (2020)
|-
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.2 Wood & pulp plantations
|Present (unknown severity)
|Plantation forest next to natural forest, such as pine tree, rubber tree, and dammar tree ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).
|Ongoing (2020)
|-
|4 Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|Present (unknown severity)
|Roads built to support development of tourist parks ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).
|Ongoing (2020)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Present (unknown severity)
|Collection of NTFP such as honey ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).
|Ongoing (2020)
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Most of the natural forest patches are secondary forest due to logging in the past ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).
|Ongoing (2020)
|}

[[Threats]]
= Conservation activities =

The forested areas at the site are managed by Perum Perhutani (Indonesia state-owned forestry enterprise) which are mainly responsible for forest production ([[#R00460|Widyastuti et al. 2020]]).

= Challenges =

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Dieng Plateau'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
!Challenges
!Specific challenges
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|}

[[Challenges]]
= Enablers =

'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Dieng Plateau'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
!Enablers
!Specific enablers
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|1 Site management
|
|
|
|-
|2 Resources and capacity
|
|
|
|-
|3 Engaged community
|
|
|
|-
|4 Institutional support
|
|
|
|-
|5 Ecological context
|
|
|
|-
|6 Safety and stability
|
|
|
|}

[[Enablers]]
= Research activities =

= Documented behaviours =

'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Dieng Plateau'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
!Category
!Behavior
!Observation type
!Prevalence
!Observation dates
!Source
!Habituation
!Species
!Comment
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

[[Behaviours]]
= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= External links =

= References =

<span id="R00460"></span>Widyastuti, S., Perwitasari-Farajallah, D., Prasetyo, L. B., Iskandar, E., & Setiawan, A. (2020). Maxent modelling of habitat suitability for the endangered javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in less-protected Dieng Mountains, Central Java. ''IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science'', 457(1), 012014. [https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/457/1/012014 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/457/1/012014]

'''Page created by: '''APES Atlas Team''' Date:''' 2022-01-28

Dieng Plateau - Revision history